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Key Insights:
- Prednisone and prednisolone are corticosteroids used to treat a variety of conditions, including inflammation and autoimmune diseases in cats.
- Prolonged or high-dose use can lead to significant side effects, such as weight gain and increased risk of infections.
- Prednisolone is generally preferred over prednisone for cats due to better absorption.
Overview of Prednisone and Prednisolone
Prednisone and prednisolone are medications classified as corticosteroids. These potent drugs are frequently prescribed to manage inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune conditions by modulating inflammatory responses in the body. They can significantly reduce swelling and suppress the immune system when used at higher doses.
While these medications can greatly improve your cat’s health, they must be administered carefully to avoid potential side effects.
Quick Reference Table
| Brand Names | Prednisolone (PrednisTab), Prednisone |
|---|---|
| Conditions Treated | Inflammation, autoimmune disorders, allergies, cancer |
| Available Forms | Tablets, compounded liquids, transdermal lotions |
| Common Side Effects | Increased thirst, urination, and appetite |
Mechanism of Action
Both prednisone and prednisolone work by decreasing inflammation and, at higher dosages, inhibiting immune responses. They can also be effective in targeting tumor cells in certain types of cancer. It’s important to note that prednisone must be converted into its active form, prednisolone, by the liver. Cats often struggle with this conversion, making prednisolone the more effective choice.
Clinical Applications in Cats
Veterinarians utilize prednisolone for a range of conditions in cats, including:
- Allergic reactions affecting the skin
- Inflammation of the eyes and nasal passages
- Disorders of the adrenal glands
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Some cancers
- Blood-related disorders
- Acute swelling
- Severe allergic responses
How to Administer
Prednisone and prednisolone are commonly available in tablet form, which can be split if needed. They can also be formulated into liquids or transdermal lotions for easier administration.
Dosages typically range from 0.5 mg/kg to 2 mg/kg based on your cat’s weight, with the specific amount determined by your veterinarian. Lower doses are generally anti-inflammatory, while higher doses provide immunosuppressive effects and may carry increased risks of side effects.
To minimize gastrointestinal discomfort, it’s advisable to give these medications with food, unless otherwise instructed. If the medication is prescribed for once-daily administration, giving it in the evening aligns with natural hormone fluctuations in cats. Always remember to wash your hands after handling the tablets.
Long-term or high-dose treatment may require ongoing monitoring through laboratory tests to ensure the medication’s effectiveness and to maintain your cat’s overall health.
Potential Side Effects
Prednisone and prednisolone can lead to a range of side effects, especially with extended use or higher doses. Common side effects include:
- Increased thirst and urination
- Enhanced appetite
- Loose stools
- Changes in behavior (such as agitation or lethargy)
Short-term use (typically under 10 days) is less likely to result in side effects, which usually resolve once the medication is discontinued. However, long-term use can lead to more serious issues, such as:
- Weight gain
- Poor coat quality or hair loss
- Muscle atrophy
- A distended abdomen
- Reduced activity levels
- Increased susceptibility to infections
Serious Concerns
Long-term or high-dose use can also result in severe side effects, including:
- Vomiting blood from gastric ulcers
- Black, tarry stools indicating intestinal bleeding
- Insulin resistance leading to symptoms of diabetes (such as increased thirst and urination)
- Fragile skin that is prone to tearing
- Osteoporosis
If you notice any adverse effects in your cat, consult your veterinarian immediately. It is crucial not to stop administering these medications abruptly, as this can lead to serious complications. Your veterinarian can guide you on how to taper the dosage safely.
Drug Interactions
Both prednisone and prednisolone can interact with other medications, including:
- Anticholinesterase agents (e.g., neostigmine)
- Cyclophosphamide
- Cyclosporine
- Fluoroquinolone antibiotics
- Furosemide
- Insulin
- Ketoconazole
- Macrolide antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin)
- NSAIDs
- Other corticosteroids
- Phenobarbital
- Rifampin
- Vaccines
Always inform your veterinarian if your cat is taking any of these medications or supplements before starting treatment.
What to Do if a Dose is Missed
If your cat misses a dose of prednisolone, administer it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular schedule. Never give double doses or administer doses closer than six hours apart.
Conclusion
Prednisone and prednisolone are effective corticosteroids used to treat a variety of inflammatory, autoimmune, and cancer-related conditions in cats. While they are generally safe and beneficial when used properly, higher doses and prolonged use can lead to increased risks of side effects. Always follow your veterinarian’s instructions to ensure the best outcomes for your cat’s health.
Trust Our Experts
This article is authored by Dr. Sarah J. Wooten, DVM, CVJ, an authority in veterinary medicine, and reviewed by Dr. Ghanasyam Bey, DVM, who has extensive expertise in animal health care.
For reliable information on pet health, we adhere to stringent sourcing policies, ensuring our content is based on credible medical organizations, government agencies, and peer-reviewed research.
